Rising Cancer Burden and Radiotherapy Infrastructure Gaps in Karnataka: “Trends, Challenges, and Policy Imperatives, 2025-26”

Abstract

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) account for 63% of all deaths in India, with cancers alone contributing
to 9% of these fatalities. A significant proportion of cancer cases are linked to modifiable behavioral and
environmental risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, obesity,
infections, and air pollution—many of which are preventable. Nearly half of cancer-related deaths can be
averted through effective prevention and control strategies. Karnataka is witnessing a steady rise in cancer
incidence, positioning the disease as a growing public health challenge. Projections for the period 2024 to
2030 indicate a concerning upward trend in cancer cases, underscoring the need for robust interventions in
prevention, early detection and treatment, and healthcare infrastructure. This article analyzes the burden and
trends of cancer incidence in Karnataka using data from authoritative sources, including the Atomic Energy
Regulatory Board (AERB), Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), and Directory of Radiotherapy Centers
(DIRAC). It explores key contributing factors, assesses the current density of radiotherapy machines
(RTMs), evaluates the expected treatment machine (ETM) requirements, and highlights regional disparities
in access to radiotherapy infrastructure. These findings make a compelling case for sustained and targeted
investment in radiotherapy infrastructure, particularly in underserved regions, to ensure equitable and timely
access to cancer care across the state of Karnataka.