Anaemia in Chronic kidney Disease: Insights into Prevalence, Morphology, and Biochemical Alterations

Abstract

Introduction: Anaemia is a common and clinically significant complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD),
contributing substantially to morbidity, reduced quality of life, and increased cardiovascular risk.
Aims and Objectives: The present study investigates the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and
biochemical correlations of anaemia in patients with CKD compared with individuals with anaemia without
CKD and healthy controls.
Methods: The research was conducted as an observational cross-sectional study at the Nephrology
Department of Amrita Hospital, Faridabad, India. A total of 150 participants were included and categorized
into three groups: anaemia without CKD (n=50), anaemia with CKD (n=50), and healthy controls (n=50).
Demographic details and laboratory parameters including haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (HCT), white
blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, urea, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) were evaluated.
Results: The findings demonstrated significantly reduced haemoglobin and haematocrit levels in both
anaemic groups compared with healthy controls. CKD patients exhibited markedly elevated urea,
creatinine, and BUN levels, reflecting impaired renal function. Normocytic normochromic anaemia was the
predominant morphological pattern among CKD patients. The study highlights the multifactorial
pathogenesis of anaemia in CKD, including erythropoietin deficiency, iron dysregulation, inflammation, and
shortened red blood cell lifespan.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis, appropriate monitoring of haematological indices, and targeted therapeutic
strategies are essential to improve clinical outcomes and reduce complications associated with CKD-related
anaemia.