Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Preservation of Pancreatic β-Cell Function by Tinospora cordifolia Seed Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and is associated with severe
complications arising from oxidative stress, inflammation, and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced
diabetes is a widely used experimental model that mimics β-cell destruction through reactive oxygen species (ROS)mediated
cytotoxicity. Natural products, particularly medicinal plants, have gained increasing attention for their multitargeted therapeutic
potential with minimal adverse effects.