Emerging New Insights Based on Pathogenesis of Distinct Hypertension Inducing Models on Rodents: A Review

Abstract

Hypertension is a major global health challenge and a leading risk factor for
cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal disorders. Owing to its
asymptomatic nature it is often termed a “silent killer” with organ damage
becoming evident only at advanced stages. Experimental animal models play
a crucial role in understanding the complex pathophysiology of hypertension
and in evaluating novel therapeutic strategies. This review comprehensively
summarizes the mechanistic basis of commonly employed in vivo
hypertension-inducing models in rodents, including angiotensin II–induced
hypertension, monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension,
deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, high-salt diet–induced
hypertension, fructose-induced hypertension, stress-induced hypertension, and
L-NAME-induced nitric oxide–deficient hypertension