TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS

Abstract

Input of phosphorous and nitrogen into the lakes from the domestic and agriculture sector accelerates the process of eutrophication. The process of eutrophication results in luxuriant growth of standing crop as a consequence of increased input of mineral nutrients. In eutrophied water bodies excessive growth of cyanobacteria occurs and the health risk effects, generated by cyanobacterial toxins in drinking water, are now established. Cyanobacteria produce various types of cyanotoxins such as hepatotoxins, neurotoxins, dermatotoxins, endotoxins, embryotoxins and peptide toxins. Some algae produce an organic compound which reacts with chlorine to form organohalides which is carcinogenic and other potent toxins which are responsible for numerous health related problems. Changes in cyanobacterial community due to environmental factors and toxicity in enhancing the mortality of starved zooplankton and animals are also documented. The protection of health of general population and productivity of lake waters from the adverse effects of cyanotoxin needs immediate attention.