Effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Programme on Home Management among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pre-Experimental Study

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has emerged as a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India. Effective home management is essential to prevent long-term complications; however, inadequate patient knowledge often results in poor self-care practices and suboptimal disease control. Structured teaching programmes play a vital role in strengthening patients’ understanding and promoting effective self-management behaviours.                                         

Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on home management among patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in terms of knowledge at selected hospitals of Gurugram.

Methods:
A quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest–post-test design was adopted for the study. Sixty patients diagnosed with T2DM were selected using purposive sampling from selected hospitals of Gurugram. Data were collected using a structured and validated knowledge questionnaire (reliability coefficient r = 0.87). A structured teaching programme covering dietary management, physical activity, medication adherence, blood glucose monitoring, and prevention of complications was administered after the pretest. Post-test assessment was conducted following the intervention. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic variables, while inferential statistics, including paired t-test and chi-square test, were applied to assess effectiveness and associations.

Results:
The mean pretest knowledge score was 13.25 ± 2.01, which increased to 18.93 ± 1.68 in the post-test, indicating a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001). In the pretest, 30% of participants demonstrated inadequate knowledge, whereas in the post-test, 65% achieved adequate knowledge. Significant associations were observed between post-test knowledge scores and selected demographic variables such as education, marital status, health insurance, and presence of comorbid conditions.

Conclusion:
The findings demonstrate that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving patients’ knowledge regarding home management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Incorporating structured educational interventions into routine healthcare services can empower patients, enhance self-care practices, and contribute to better disease management outcomes.

KEYWORDS

Structured teaching programme; Home management; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Knowledge; Patient education.