A REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION, FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PIMPINELLA ANISUM FOR SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION: A NOVEL APPROACH TO NATURAL THERAPY

Abstract

Pimpinella anisum (anise) is known as traditional medicine for its flavor and therapeutically used as different properties like anti-inflammatory, digestive, expectorant, antispasmodic, smooth muscle relaxing,antimicrobial, diabetes and arthritis. The collection of aniseed is very much reliable throughout west bengal and easy to grow at home. Aqueous and Hydro‑alcoholic extracts, especially above 55% ethanol have shown in vitro relaxation of rat anococcygeus organ bath for isolated muscle or any rodent animal’s estrous cycle, JQF, model and normal control group, Yuanhu zhitong tablet group, attributed to nitric oxide, cGMP pathway activation and study of various hormonal treatment though aniseed solution. However, optimal phytochemical profiling is done by analytical determining active compounds, after which the standardized formulation should be carried out, and in vivo efficacy remains underexplored through induced ileus and dysmenorrhea with rodent models by biochemical pathway. This isolates active constituents, develops a standardized topical formulation, evaluates its efficacy in vitro and in vivo, and elucidates detailed mechanisms of smooth muscle relaxation. After determination of the formulation, it can be sent for OECD guidelines for toxicity testing and ICH guidelines for pharmaceutical registration across different regions ultimately leading to safety and higher effectivity in products.

Keywords
Antispasmodic, Smooth muscle relaxing, cGMP Pathway, OECD Toxicity, ICH guidelines.