Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study from Puducherry

Abstract

Background: Individuals with type II diabetes mellitus are more likely to develop non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients with obesity, dyslipidemia, and inadequate glycemic management are at even higher risk. An analysis of the risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) found that individuals with NAFLD had greater rates of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and sedentary lifestyles. Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who also have type 2 diabetes mellitus are more likely to acquire progressive forms of the illness. To prevent them from developing chronic complications that can be treated with early therapeutic intervention, patients with established type 2 diabetes mellitus should be evaluated for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hence, an attempt was made to study of prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among diabetes and prediabetic patients in Tertiary Care Centre.

Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional study conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Puducherry among the diabetic patients aged above 18 years with no history of alcohol intake with purposive sampling technique with a sample of size of 144 for a duration of 18 months. Diabetic and pre diabetic patients above the age of 18 years were included for the study.

Results and Conclusion: In the present study, diabetes and pre diabetes with fatty liver; liver cirrhosis, BMI and their association was studied in-depth. 56.3% of the patients in the study group are male and 43.8% are female, 81.3% of the patients are Diabetic, 18.8% are Pre-Diabetic in the study, 28.2% of the Diabetic patients have grade 0 fatty liver, 26.5% of the Diabetic patients have grade 1 fatty liver, 26.5% of the Diabetic patients have grade 2 fatty liver and 18.8% of the Diabetic patients have grade 3 fatty liver. Similarly, 44.4% of the Pre-Diabetic patients have grade 0 fatty liver, 29.6% of the Pre-Diabetic patients have grade 1 fatty liver, 14.8% of the Pre-Diabetic patients have grade 2 fatty liver and 11.1% of the Pre-Diabetic patients have grade 3 fatty liver. In this study among diabetic and pre diabetic individual, 68.7% of the study population (99 participants) has NAFLD. Diabetic patients those with grade 0 liver fibrosis was 22.2%, with grade 1 liver fibrosis was 28.2%, 27.4% with grade 2 liver fibrosis and 22.2% with grade 3 liver fibrosis. Similarly, 37% of the Pre-Diabetic patients had grade 0 liver fibrosis, 14.8% of the Pre-Diabetic patients have grade 1 liver fibrosis, 37% of the Pre-Diabetic patients have grade 2 liver fibrosis and 11.1% of the Pre-Diabetic patients have grade 3 liver fibrosis. In this study among diabetic and pre diabetic individual, 75% of the study population (108 participants) has Liver Fibrosis.

KEYWORDS:

Type II diabetes mellitus, non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), prediabetic patients, fatty liver, liver fibrosis.