Pharmacological and Phytochemical Insights into Helianthus annuus L.: A Comprehensive Review of Its Therapeutic Potential

Abstract

Helianthus annuus L. or sunflower, is a widely cultivated oilseed crop known for its nutritional, medicinal, and economic importance, sunflower is highlighted for its bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, glycosides, and alkaloids. This plant possesses various therapeutic benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, cardiovascular, and wound-healing properties. It discusses sunflower’s role in managing chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular conditions, focusing on its potential to regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and glycemic control. Recent findings on its cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, antimicrobial activity, and hepatoprotective effects further emphasize its medicinal relevance. Emerging trends like sunflower-based biofuel production and biotechnological advancements for enhancing drought resistance and oil quality are also discussed. The paper emphasizes the importance of continuous research to address agricultural constraints, improve productivity, and enhance the crop’s environmental resilience. The review positions sunflower as a key crop for both economic and ecological sustainability. Ultimately, Helianthus annuus L. emerges as a promising botanical resource with broad applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries.

KEYWORDS:

Helianthus annuus L., Sunflower, phytochemistry, pharmacology, phytoconstituents