Study of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Freshwater Catfish Exposed to Lambda-Cyhalothrin

Abstract

Antioxidant enzymes have been suggested as biological markers of aquatic creatures’ exposure to pollutants. Antioxidants are crucial for preserving the redox state of fish tissues and cells, as is widely recognized. Oxidative stress can result from a lack of antioxidants, which can change the animal's physiological state and eventually cause damage to vital tissues. Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase are important enzymes in the antioxidant defence system. In response to oxidative stress, organisms adapt by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In this study, freshwater catfish exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin will have their antioxidant enzyme activity measured. We measured the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxides, and conjugated diene, activity in the hemolysate. Days 30 and 45 of pyrethroid treatment showed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity in fish liver (P<0.05), but day 15 showed no discernible change (P>0.05). Fish muscle SOD activity increased significantly at greater and lower sub-lethal dosages, respectively; cardiac SOD activity increased significantly overall (P<0.01). Catalase activity in the heart tissue of fish from both experimental groups decreased overall in a significant way (P<0.01). In fish exposed to pesticides, catalase activity in ovarian tissue increased non-significantly on day 15 (P>0.05) and then significantly on days 30 and 45 (P<0.05). Fish exposed to pyrethroids showed a significant rise (P<0.05) in GPx activity in their brain, heart, and muscle tissues; nevertheless, GPx activity decreased in all three tissues, reversing the previous elevation. The conjugated diene levels in the brain tissue of fish subjected to the greater and lower sub-lethal concentrations of the pyrethroid showed the largest increases, 135.10% and 106.73%, respectively. The lipid hydroperoxide levels in every tissue of the two groups of fish exposed to pyrethroids were found to be significantly (P<0.01) elevated.