Laser and Photodynamic Therapy in Periodontitis: A Review

Abstract

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of supporting structures of the teeth, primarily caused by bacterial infection. Traditional treatment approaches, including scaling and root planing, often yield variable outcomes. This review explores the application of laser and photodynamic therapy (PDT) as adjunctive treatment modalities in managing periodontitis. Laser therapy utilizes focused light energy to reduce microbial load and promote tissue healing, while PDT combines photosensitizing agents with light exposure to selectively target and destroy pathogenic bacteria. Evidence suggests that laser therapy enhances non-surgical treatment outcomes, reduces pocket depth, and improves clinical parameters. Similarly, PDT demonstrates efficacy in biofilm disruption and provides additional benefits in terms of safety and patient comfort. This review evaluates current literature on the effectiveness, advantages, and potential limitations of these innovative therapies in the context of periodontitis management, highlighting the need for further research to establish standardized protocols and long-term clinical outcomes. Ultimately, laser and PDT may offer promising avenues for improving periodontal health and patient quality of life, paving the way for more effective strategies in the comprehensive management of periodontitis.