Ecological Dynamics and Conservation Strategies for Sustainable Lake Ecosystems

Abstract

Lakes are essential freshwater ecosystem that support biodiversity help purify water and play a role in
climate regulation. Their delicate balance is influenced by many factors natural, human and
environmental. This study explores key elements of lake ecosystem focusing on water quality, pH,
nutrient level and habitat structure. Water quality is a direct indicator of lake health. Factors like pH,
nutrient buildup and pollution can cause major change. For example, excess nitrogen from
agricultural runoff often led to eutrophication triggering harmful algal bloom like cyanobacteria that
disrupt the ecosystem. Other threat includes invasive species, habitat loss due to urban development
and climate change all of which alter species makeup and ecological function. The research also
emphasizes the role of phytoplankton and zooplankton in lake food webs. Phytoplankton act as
primary producers, while zooplankton which feed on them, help drive nutrient cycling and energy
flow. Beyond ecology these organisms have practical uses in aquaculture biofuel and pollution
control. Understanding their relationship and the pressure they face is key to building smart
management strategy. Protecting lake means preserving their biodiversity, productivity and the
essential service they provide for both nature and people.