HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF FRESHWATER MAJOR CARP, LABEO ROHITA AFTER ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO TEXTILE MILL EFFLUENT

Abstract

In present investigation, fingerlings of Labeo rohita were exposed to acute (96h) and chronic (30 days) dose of TME. The histopathological studies revealed conspicuous changes in the liver. The acute dose (18 % of Textile Mill Effluent) in Labeo rohita showed an increase in binucleated cells and a light infiltration of lymphocyte after 96h. Dilation of sinusoids with reduced blood cells. There were few distinct hepatocytes. Necrotic cells showed displaced nucleus at the periphery with basophilic cytoplasm. Chronic dose of 1.8 % TME for 30 days in Labeo rohita resulted in severe damage to liver, which can be visualized by necrotic areas. Congestion in the sinusoids, infiltration of mononuclear lymphocyte around the vena centralis, dilation in the sinusoids resulted in irregular arrangement of sinusoids. Hepatocytes showed hemorrhage, disconnection among the cells and necrotic areas near central vein. The TME collected from Ichalkaranji was analyzed for physico chemical parameters and heavy metals, which showed high range of pH and high values of alkalinity, hardness, chloride, sulphate, TDS, COD, BOD and absence of oxygen. The heavy, metal contents in TME was in the order of Iron > Lead >Manganese > Chromium >Aluminum >Nickel > Zinc > Copper > Cadmium. The results indicate severity of physico- chemical parameters and heavy metals resulting in massive destruction in normal architecture of Liver which is concentration and time dependent.