Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Maxillofacial Room Temperature Vulcanised Silicon Elastomer Reinforced with Silica Dioxide, Zirconium Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles -An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Aim To evaluate and compare the mechanical properties of RTV silicone elastomer reinforced with
silicon dioxide (SiO₂), zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂), and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods A total of 120 RTV silicone elastomer specimens were fabricated and divided
into four groups: control, SiO₂, ZrO₂, and TiO₂ reinforced groups (1% w/w). Tensile strength, tear
strength, and hardness were evaluated according to ASTM specifications using a universal testing
machine and Shore A durometer. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and
Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05).
Results ZrO₂ nanoparticles demonstrated the highest tensile strength (6.80 ± 0.63), while SiO₂
nanoparticles showed maximum tear strength (47.14 ± 2.13). TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited the highest
hardness (29.33 ± 1.57). Significant differences were observed among all groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Nanoparticle reinforcement significantly improved the mechanical properties of RTV
silicone elastomer. ZrO₂ improved tensile strength, SiO₂ enhanced tear resistance, and TiO₂ provided
balanced overall reinforcement, suggesting improved durability and clinical performance of
maxillofacial prostheses.