A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of a Structured Awareness Programme on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation Among Adults in a Selected Community Area of Gurugram, Haryana

Abstract

Introduction : Organ donation is a critical public health intervention that has the potential to save thousands of lives
each year. Advancements in medical science have made organ transplantation a feasible and often essential treatment
for end-stage organ failure. Despite these medical advancements, the availability of organs remains far below the
global and national demand. This shortfall creates a persistent gap between those requiring transplantation and the
number of organs available, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and decreased quality of life for patients
awaiting transplantation.
Material & Methods: The present study adopted a quasi-experimental, two-group pre-test post-test design to assess
the effectiveness of a structured awareness programme on knowledge and Attitude regarding organ donation among
adults in selected villages of Gurugram, Haryana. A total of 100 adults were selected using a non-probability
purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire and Likert-based attitude
scale to assess knowledge and Attitude levels. The study tool was validated by experts and found reliable through
test-retest method. Data analysis was planned using descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency,
percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square test, and t-test. Ethical principles, informed consent, and
confidentiality were strictly maintained throughout the study.
Result: The findings of the study revealed that in the pretest, a majority of adults had inadequate knowledge and
unfavourable Attitude regarding organ donation, with 44% showing poor knowledge and 42% exhibiting negative
Attitude. The mean pretest knowledge score was 11.20 ± 3.85 and the mean Attitude score was 26.40 ± 5.60,
indicating low baseline awareness and attitude. In contrast, the posttest results demonstrated a marked improvement,
with 70% of participants attaining good knowledge and 70% showing positive Attitude after the structured awareness
programme. The mean posttest knowledge score increased to 19.30 ± 3.10, while the mean Attitude score rose to
39.10 ± 4.80. The intervention was found to be highly effective, with statistically significant improvements in both
knowledge and Attitude (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The study concluded that the structured awareness programme on organ donation was highly effective
in improving the knowledge and Attitude of adults in selected villages of Gurugram, Haryana. After the intervention,
a clear shift was observed from poor to good knowledge and from negative to positive Attitude regarding organ
donation. The majority of participants demonstrated good knowledge and showed positive Attitude in the posttest.
There was a marked improvement in both knowledge and Attitude scores following the intervention, which was
statistically highly significant. The study also found significant associations between posttest knowledge and
selected demographic variables such as age, education, and access to information sources.