Occurrence, Impact, and Management of Rare Earth Elements in Vegetables and Soil: A Detailed Review of Asian Perspectives

Abstract

Rare earth elements (REEs), comprising 17 elements with unique magnetic and catalytic properties, are increasingly
important in technological applications. However, their accumulation in soil and vegetables poses environmental and
health risks. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the distribution, sources, and impacts of REEs in soil and
vegetables across Asia. It examines the challenges associated with REE contamination, highlights current monitoring
and management practices, and discusses future research directions.