"Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Phytochemical Profiling of Cyphostemma setosum (Roxb.) Alston: A Promising Medicinal Plant"

Abstract

Pharmacognosy is a constituent scientific discipline of pharmacy which has been in use for more than 200 years, and it applies to research on natural product medicines. Pharmacognosy includes processes such as identification, authentication, production, processing, standardization, and many more natural medicinal essentials. The plant Cyphostemma setosum (Roxb.) is a succulent climber clothed with scattered grandular bristly hairs, it is belonging to the family Vitaceae, it is known for its ethnomedicinally, folkloric treatment of ailments. The surface studies showed the leaf is amphistomatic with tetracytic and anomocytic. The trichome are multiseriate capitate hair both surfaces, which is a significant character for identification of this plant. In transverse section, the leaf is prominently ribbed abaxially and ridged as a cone towards adaxial side at midvein. Mesophyll is undifferentiated, interspersed with raphide sacs and spareocrystalliferous idoblasts. The ground tissue of midvein consists parenchyma and collenchyma tissues. Petiole in transverse section is oval to subspherical in outline. The powder microscopic and organoleptic characters are also presented in this study. Phytochemical analysis involves both qualitative and quantitative analysis the extraction was carried out by Soxhlet apparatus, the extraction process was carried using different solvents successively in the order of increasing polarity, while qualitative analysis is concerned with the presence or absence of a phytochemical, quantitative analysis accounts for the quantity or the concentration of the phytochemical present in the plant sample. The HPTLC with dual wavelength UV (254/366 nm) was used for the analysis of phytochemical variation in leaf methanolic extracts of C. setosum. The FTIR analysis also carried out to identify the function groups. The findings of this study facilitate pharmacognostic standardization of the plant material and add clues in the preparation of herbal monographs for Phyto pharmacopeia.